Apprendre le chinois

ɑ			The mouth cavity is narrowed;the tongue is placed   naturally in flat position close to the upper gum without causing any obstruction; the vocal cards vibrate.
o			In o the tongue position is similiar to that in e except that the lips are rounded.Beginners may try to to articulate o and e alternately by changing the lip-rounding.
e			The mouth is half open;the tougue is placed in mid position;the lips open naturally;the vocal cords vibrate.
i			The mouth cavity is narrowed;the tongue is placed naturally in a flat position close to the upper gum without causing any obstruction;the vocal cords viberate.
u			To articulate this vowel the lips should be runded and protruded;the tongue is raised closed close to the upper palate,the root of the tongue is drawn near the throat;the vocal cords vibrate.
ɑi
ei
ɑo
ou

 

b			The lips are closed to cause obstruction;the vocal cords vibrate; and air in the oral cavity is compressed to pronounce with plosion.
p			P is similar to b.Their position and manner of articulation are the same(the lips are closed to cause obstruction;the vocal cords do not vibrate;the obstruction is removed by plosion).They are different in that b is unaspirated,whereas p is aspirated.
m			The lips are closed;the vocal cords vibrate;and air is let out through the nasal cavity.
f			The upper teeth are placed on the inside edge of the lower lip to cause obstruction;the vocal cords do not vibrate;and air is exhaled from between the lower lip and teeth with friction.
d			The tip of the tongue touches the upper teeth and gum to cause obstruction;the vocal cords do not vibrate;and air is compressed in the oral cavity to pronounce with plosion.
t			The tip of the tongue touches the upper gum;the vocal cords do not vibrate;and air is let out with friction between the root of the tongue and the soft palate.
n			The tip of the tongue touches the upper gum;the vocal cords vibrate;and air is let out through the nasal cavity.
l			The tip of the tongue is raised to touch the upper gum; the vocal cords vibrate;and air is exhaled from both sides of the tongue blade.

 

韵母（横） 声母（竖）		ɑ	o	e	i	u	ɑi	ei	ɑo	ou
b		bɑ	bo		bi	bu	bɑi	bei	bɑo
p		pɑ	po		pi	pu	pɑi	pei	pɑo	pou
m		mɑ	mo	me	mi	mu	mɑi	mei	mɑo	mou
f		fɑ	fo			fu		fei		fou
d		dɑ		de	di	du	dɑi	dei	dɑo	dou
t		tɑ		te	ti	tu	tɑi	tei	tɑo	tou
n		nɑ		ne	ni	nu	nɑi	nei	nɑo	nou
l		lɑ		le	li	lu	lɑi	nei	nɑo	nou

 
 

	bā	bá	bǎ	bà	bā(eight)	bàbɑ(father)
	dū	dú	dǔ	dù	dú(read)
	bāo	báo	bǎo	bào	bào(newspaper)
	mā	má	mǎ	mà	māmɑ(mother)
	dā	dá	dǎ	dà	dǎ(knit)
	māo	máo	mǎo	mào	máoyi(sweater)
	tā	tá	tǎ	tà	tā(he,she,him,her,it)
	nī	ní	nǐ	nì	nǐ(you)
	māi	mái	mǎi	mài	mǎi(buy)	mài(sell)
	fū	fú	fǔ	fù	yifú(clothing)
	dī	dí	dǐ	dì	dìdi(younger brother)	dì-bā(eighth)
	pāo	páo	pǎo	pào	pǎo(to run)
	mēi	méi	měi	mèi	mèimei(younger sister)
	wū	wú	wǔ	wù	wǔ(five)	di-wǔ(fifth)
	yī	yí	yǐ	yì	yī(one)	di-yī(first)

 
 

	Bàbɑ dú bào，māmɑ dá máoyi。
	Papa reads a newspaper and mama knits a sweater.
	Nǐ mài yīfu，tā mǎi yīfu。
	You sell clothes and he/she buys clothes.
	Dìdi pǎo dì-yī，Wúloú pǎo dì-wǔ，mèimei pǎo dì-bā。
	(My) younger brother came in first,Wulou came in fifth and (my) younger sister came in eighth.

 

	bābɑ	（名）爸爸	father
	māmɑ	（名）妈妈	mother
	dìdi	（名）弟弟	younger brother
	mèimei	（名）妹妹	younger sister
	bào	（名）报	newspaper
	máoyī	（名）毛衣	sweater
	yīfu	（名）衣服	clothes
	nǐ	（代）你	you
	tā	（代）他、她	he,she
	dú	（动）读	to read
	dǎ	（动）打	to knit
	mǎi	（动）买	to buy
	mài	（动）卖	to sell
	pǎo	（动）跑	to run
	di（-yī）	（前缀）第（一）	perfix used to indicate an ordinal number
	yī	（数）一	one
	wǔ	（数）五	five
	bā	（数）八	eight